Bigtable

Google Cloud Bigtable is GCP’s fully managed, scalable, and high-performance wide-column NoSQL database service. It is designed for large analytical and operational workloads, such as time-series data, IoT, financial data, and user analytics.

Key Features

• Massive scalability: Handles petabytes of data and millions of reads/writes per second

• Low latency: Consistent single-digit millisecond response times

• Fully managed: No server management, automatic scaling, patching, and backups

• HBase API compatibility: Migrate HBase workloads with minimal changes

• Seamless GCP integration: Works with Dataflow, Dataproc, BigQuery, and more

• Replication: Multi-region replication for high availability

Architecture Overview

• Table: Contains rows, each identified by a unique row key

• Column families: Group related columns for storage and performance tuning

• Cells: Intersection of row and column, can store multiple timestamped versions

• Clusters: Compute resources in one or more GCP regions

Common Use Cases

• Time-series data (IoT, monitoring, financial ticks)

• Real-time analytics and personalization

• Large-scale graph or recommendation engines

• User profile and event data storage

Example: Deploying Bigtable with Terraform

resource "google_bigtable_instance" "main" {
  name          = "my-bigtable-instance"
  instance_type = "PRODUCTION"
  cluster {
    cluster_id   = "my-bigtable-cluster"
    zone         = "us-central1-b"
    num_nodes    = 3
    storage_type = "SSD"
  }
}

resource "google_bigtable_table" "users" {
  name          = "users"
  instance_name = google_bigtable_instance.main.name
  column_family {
    family = "profile"
  }
  column_family {
    family = "activity"
  }
}

Example: Writing and Reading Data (Python)

from google.cloud import bigtable
client = bigtable.Client(project="my-project", admin=True)
instance = client.instance("my-bigtable-instance")
table = instance.table("users")

# Write a row
direct_row = table.direct_row("user#1234")
direct_row.set_cell("profile", "name", "Alice")
direct_row.set_cell("activity", "last_login", "2024-06-01T12:00:00Z")
direct_row.commit()

# Read a row
row = table.read_row("user#1234")
print(row.cells["profile"][b"name"][0].value)

Best Practices

• Row key design: Distribute writes evenly to avoid hotspots (e.g., use hashed prefixes)

• Column family planning: Group columns with similar access patterns

• Monitor performance: Use GCP Monitoring for CPU, storage, and latency

• Backup and restore: Use scheduled backups for disaster recovery

References

• Bigtable Documentation
• Schema Design Best Practices
• Terraform Bigtable Provider